U.S. Pat. No. 10,471,360

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

As used herein, the term “user” refers to a user of an electronic device(s) and can include participants or players as well as non-participants or spectators. Actions performed by a user in the context of computer software shall be considered to be actions taken by a user to provide an input to the electronic device(s) to cause the electronic device to perform the steps embodied in computer software. The terms “stream” or “media stream” are synonymous and generally refer to data or content associated with an online game or an online game session.

As discussed in greater detail below, the subject disclosure relates to a user-driven spectator channel that shows live game play for multi-player games. The user-driven spectator channel improves an online consumer's viewing experience of live online game play and particularly integrates and/or switches between multiple media streams corresponding to live game play during a game session based on user inputs or feedback. For example, a multi-user platform or system can host a game session over a communication network and receive user inputs that correspond to interest, popularity, or preference in one or more media streams that show live game play for the game session. The multi-user platform may include a stream integration engine or module that prioritizes and designates portions of the media streams to broadcast in a given time period based on the user inputs for the given time period (or leading up to the given time period). The multi-user platform and/or the stream integration engine can further compile or integrate the designated portions of the media streams into a spectator channel and broadcast the spectator channel to users over the network. In this fashion, the spectator channel shows different views and/or perspectives of the live game play in the game session based on current user feedback for live game play.

Referring to the figures,FIG. 1illustrates a schematic diagram100of an example communication network105(e.g., the Internet). Communication network105is shown for purposes of illustration and represents various types of networks, ranging from local area networks (LANs) to wide area networks (WANs). LANs typically connect the nodes over dedicated private communications links located in the same general physical location, such as a building or campus. WANs, on the other hand, typically connect geographically dispersed nodes over long-distance communications links, such as common carrier telephone lines, optical lightpaths, synchronous optical networks (SONET), synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) links, or Powerline Communications (PLC) such as IEEE 61334, IEEE P1901.2, and others.

As shown, communication network105includes a geographically distributed collection of devices or nodes110/120, interconnected by communication links115and/or network segments for exchanging data such as data packets and for transporting data to end nodes or devices125such as personal computing devices, online game systems, or other devices, such as sensors, etc. As shown, device120represents a multi-user platform or system. Further, communication links115represent wired links or shared media links (e.g., wireless links, PLC links, etc.) where certain devices/nodes, such as, e.g., routers, servers, switches, sensors, computers, etc., may be in communication with other nodes, based on distance, signal strength, current operational status, location, etc. Those skilled in the art will understand that any number of nodes, devices, links, etc. may be used in the communication network, and that the view shown herein is for simplicity

Data packets140such as network traffic/messages are exchanged between devices over and within communication network105using predefined network communication protocols such as certain known wired protocols, wireless protocols (e.g., IEEE Std. 802.15.4, WiFi, Bluetooth®, etc.), PLC protocols, or other shared-media protocols where appropriate. In this context, a protocol consists of a set of rules defining how the devices or nodes interact with each other.

Notably, one of end nodes or devices125is illustrated as representing a network game system, which includes a game console, peripheral devices, and display hardware. Operatively, a user of device125can play, spectate, or otherwise access online games and game sessions hosted by multi-user platform120over network105. Likewise, multi-user platform120receives user inputs over network105corresponding to its hosted online games or game sessions.

FIG. 2illustrates a block diagram of an example network device/node that represents a multi-user system such as multi-user platform120or components thereof. Device200includes one or more network interfaces210, a user input interface215, at least one processor220, and a memory240interconnected by a system bus250.

Network interface(s)210contain the mechanical, electrical, and signaling circuitry for communicating data over links coupled to one or more of the networks shown in hybrid cloud environment100. Network interfaces210are configured to transmit and/or receive data using a variety of different communication protocols, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

User input interface215includes graphical user interfaces to solicit and receive user input during live game play for a game session. For example, user input interface215can include a voting interface and/or interactive graphical elements that can be manipulated by a user to provide user input during live game play. Such interactive graphical elements can include, for example, various buttons, fields such as text fields or text boxes, selectable elements, and the like.

Memory240comprises a plurality of storage locations that are addressable by processor220for storing software programs and data structures associated with the embodiments described herein.

Processor220may comprise necessary elements or logic adapted to execute the software programs and manipulate data structures245. An operating system242, portions of which are typically resident in memory240and executed by processor220, functionally organizes the device by, inter alia, invoking operations in support of software processes and/or services executing on the device. These software processes and/or services may comprise an illustrative “spectator channel” process/service244. Note that while processes/services244are shown in centralized memory240, these processes/services may be configured to operate in a distributed communication network.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other processor and memory types, including various computer-readable media, may be used to store and execute program instructions pertaining to the techniques described herein. Also, while the description illustrates various processes, it is expressly contemplated that various processes may be embodied as modules configured to operate in accordance with the techniques herein (e.g., according to the functionality of a similar process). Further, while the processes have been shown separately, those skilled in the art will appreciate that processes may be routines or modules within other processes. For example, processor220can include one or more programmable processors, e.g., microprocessors or microcontrollers, or fixed-logic processors. In the case of a programmable processor, any associated memory, e.g., memory240, may be any type of tangible processor readable memory, e.g., random access, read-only, etc., that is encoded with or stores instructions that can implement program modules, e.g., a module having spectator channel process244encoded thereon. Processor220can also include a fixed-logic processing device, such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a digital signal processor that is configured with firmware comprised of instructions or logic that can cause the processor to perform the functions described herein. Thus, program modules may be encoded in one or more tangible computer readable storage media for execution, such as with fixed logic or programmable logic, e.g., software/computer instructions executed by a processor, and any processor may be a programmable processor, programmable digital logic, e.g., field programmable gate array, or an ASIC that comprises fixed digital logic, or a combination thereof. In general, any process logic may be embodied in a processor or computer readable medium that is encoded with instructions for execution by the processor that, when executed by the processor, are operable to cause the processor to perform the functions described herein.

FIG. 3illustrates a block diagram300of a stream integration engine305employed by a multi-user platform or system. As shown, stream integration engine305monitors multiple media streams associated with game session310. Here, the media streams associated with game session310include stream 1, stream 2, stream 3, and stream 4 and represent display content or views of live game play in game session310. The display content can, for example, include individual player views (e.g., first-person perspective views, third-person perspective views, etc.), top-down views, birds-eye views, two-dimensional (2D) views, ¾ views, fixed three-dimensional (3D) views, omni-directional views, god's-eye views, and other views showing live game play for game session310.

Stream integration engine305further assigns one or more spectator attributes315to respective media streams, where each spectator attribute315has a corresponding spectator value. Spectator attributes315include, for example, user votes, viewership, associated players or associated player attribute, a historical popularity of a view-type or view angle, and the like. As discussed herein, the terms “spectator attribute” and/or “spectator value” are used synonymously, and generally correspond to an interest, popularity, or preference for respective media streams. The spectator value can reflect a current preference or popularity or it can reflect a trend such as changes or derivatives of the current preferences for a given time period. Generally, higher or larger spectator values represent a stronger preference; however any value system may be used, as is appreciated by those skilled in the art.

In operation, stream integration engine305monitors media streams 1-4 and continuously updates respective spectator attributes/values315during live game play in game session310based, in part, on current user inputs. With respect to user inputs, the multi-user platform and/or stream integration engine305provide a user input interface, such as user input interface215(described above), that includes interactive graphical elements to solicit and receive user input during the live game play. Examples of user inputs that indicate interest or preference in a particular media stream include votes, viewership, or other indications of preference for the media stream. Notably, the “associated player value/attribute” is discussed in greater detail with respect toFIG. 4, below. As discussed below, one or more of these spectator attributes may be considered independently or in combination with other spectator attributes—e.g.,FIG. 4considers player attributes/values415independent of other spectator attributes. Further, certain spectator values/attributes represent a weight that applies to other spectator values/attributes, as is appreciated by those skilled in the art.

Still referring toFIG. 3, stream integration engine305compares individual or aggregated spectator values for respective media streams during live game play and determines a priority ranking for each media stream in a given time period of live game play. Stream integration engine305, as discussed, continuously updates respective spectator values315during live game play based on current user inputs and further compares or ranks spectator values for corresponding media streams to determine user preferences for viewing one media stream over another media stream. Stream integration engine305further designates one of the media streams to broadcast for a given time period based on its then-current priority rank. The media stream designated for the given time period is further broadcast in a spectator channel320over the network. As shown, spectator channel320represents an integration of portions of each designated media stream (for the given time period). Stream integration engine305stitches or compiles the portions of currently designated media streams into spectator channel320. Throughout game session310, stream integration engine305switches between media streams 1-4 based on the priority rank for respective media streams in a given time period. In this fashion, spectator channel320provides user-preferred media content that shows different views of live game play during game session310. Generally, a single media stream is designated to broadcast per given time period. However, it is also appreciated more than one media stream may be broadcast per given time period.

FIG. 4illustrates a block diagram400of stream integration engine305, further showing media streams 1-4 organized and/or prioritized according to player attribute(s)/value(s)415. As discussed above, player attributes415can be considered as part of spectator attributes315, or as shown here, player attributes may be independently considered. Player attributes415, like spectator attributes315, are associated with a respective media stream and each player attribute415has a corresponding player value.

Player attributes415include, for example, a number of viewers currently watching the player, a number of users following (e.g., “followers”) the player, a number of points, game event(s), and the like. As discussed herein, the terms “player attribute” and/or “player value” are used synonymously, and generally correspond to an interest, popularity, or preference for media streams associated with a respective player. Moreover, these terms may represent a particular type of spectator attribute/value, discussed above. Generally, the player value can reflect a current preference or popularity or it can reflect a trend such as changes or derivatives of the current preferences for a given time period. In addition, the player value can reflect a proximity to a game event such as a level change, an opportunity for points, and the like. Generally, higher or larger player values represent a stronger preference; however any value system may be used, as is appreciated by those skilled in the art.

Diagram400also shows some media streams associated with more than one player. In these instances, the media streams are further labeled as a “primary” media stream or a “secondary” media stream for the respective player. Here, stream 1 a primary media stream for player 1 and a secondary media stream for player 2, and stream 2 is a primary media stream for player 2 and a secondary media stream for player 3.

Primary and secondary attributes or values delineate different views or viewing angles for the same player. For example, media stream 1 for game session310shows display content for a first person point of view corresponding to player 1 and is labeled as a “primary” media stream for player 1. Media stream 2 shows display content for a first person point of view corresponding to player 2 and is labeled as a “primary” media stream for player 2. During live game play, player 2 enters the first person point of view corresponding to player 1 (media stream 1). When this occurs, player 2 is represented by the display content shown by media stream 1 as well as the display content shown by media stream 2. But the display content of media stream 1 is focused on player 1 while player 2 is only temporarily shown by media stream 1. Accordingly, since player 2 is not the focus of media stream 1, media stream 1 is assigned as a “secondary” media stream for player 2 (during the time period player 2 is represented by the display content shown by media stream 1). Alternatively, or in addition to the above, game session310may include various other views that show different angles for players and may be labeled as primary or secondary media streams, as appropriate. It is also appreciated that the labels primary and secondary are for purposes of illustration, not limitation. Any type of label, value, and/or weight may be assigned to media streams to indicate a relationship or association with one or more players.

In operation, stream integration engine305continuously updates the player values in the same fashion it updates spectator values—e.g., based on user input received during live game play in game session310. For example, the multi-user system, user input interface(s) and/or stream integration operations discussed above are employed here to solicit and receive user inputs, update respective player attributes/values415during live game play, compare individual or aggregated player values for respective media streams, determine a priority ranking for each media stream in a given time period of live game play, and designate one of the media streams to broadcast for the given time period based on its then-current priority rank.

In addition to user inputs received during live game play, spectator integration engine305also updates player values based on data outside of game session310. With respect, data outside of live game play, the multi-user system and/or spectator integration engine305receives non-game specific information regarding a popularity of a player. Examples of this information include information regarding a number of “followers” or “friends” (outside of game play) as well as other data metrics that indicate player popularity. Put differently, a user may be a fan of particular player and can indicate interest in the player by following, friending, or otherwise showing a connection to the particular player. The user input interface(s) and/or stream integration engine305receives data outside of live game play and assigns an appropriate player value to a corresponding player attribute415. Generally, higher or larger player values represent more popularity or stronger preference (e.g., a larger number of followers, likes, friends, etc.); however any value system may be used, as is appreciated by those skilled in the art.

FIG. 5illustrates a graph500of viewership for one of media streams 1, 2, and 3 during live game play in a game session. Here, the viewership for media streams 1-3 reflects a number of users accessing or viewing the media stream at a given time of live game play.

FIG. 6illustrates a graph600of selected portions of the media streams shown inFIG. 5—namely, media streams 1-3. The selected portions of media streams 1-3 corresponds to respective time periods, T1-T6, the media stream is selected for broadcast by the spectator channel. In particular, graph600shows selection of media streams 1-3 based on a priority rank that favors a higher number of viewers in the time period.

In addition, graph600also illustrates a threshold value605, shown as a dash line. Threshold value605sets a minimum value for viewership (e.g.,15K viewers), below which value a default stream is assigned as the spectator stream. Put differently, stream integration engine305performs the above-discussed operations and further compares the spectator/player values for respective media streams to threshold605. If the spectator/player values are below threshold605, stream integration engine305designates a default media stream. Notably, the default media stream may include one of media stream 1-3, or it may be a different media stream altogether.

As shown, the default media stream is selected to broadcast for time period T0, media stream 2 is selected to broadcast for time periods T1 and T3, media stream 1 is to broadcast for time periods T2, T4, and T6, and media stream 3 is des to broadcast for time period T5. In operation, stream engine305compiles and integrates portions of the default stream and media streams 1-3, for respective time periods T1-T6, and broadcasts the portions as spectator channel320, discussed above.

Although graph600illustrates ranking the media streams based on a current number of viewers, it is appreciated the priority ranking techniques may be modified to prioritize the media streams based on changes in the viewership for a given time period. In this fashion, the media streams may be ranked according to a trending popularity, where large increases in a short time period correspond to a higher or greater trend.

FIG. 7illustrates a graph700, showing a number of votes received for media streams 1, 2, or 3 during live game play in a game session. Here, the number of votes for media streams 1-3 reflects a user vote through, for example, a voting interface, and a total number of votes for respective media streams at a given time of live game play.

FIG. 8illustrates a graph800, showing portions of one of media streams 1, 2, or 3 designated as the spectator stream based on the number of votes in a given time period, T1-T4. Stream integration engine305performs the above-discussed operations regarding spectator/player values and selects portions of media streams 1-3 to broadcast for time periods T1-T4 based a priority rank that favors a higher number of votes. As discussed above, the priority ranking techniques may be modified to prioritize the media streams based on changes in votes for a given time period, rather than an absolute value in the time period, as is appreciated by those skilled in the art.

FIG. 9Aillustrates a graph of a spectator channel that broadcasts portions of media streams 1-3 for time periods T1-T4 during live gameplay in a game session. As discussed, stream integration engine305selects portions of media streams 1-3 to broadcast for a given time period of live game play based on its priority ranking and compiles such portions of the media streams into a spectator channel, as illustrated

FIG. 9Billustrates a block diagram of a priority ranking used to select the portions of the media streams shown inFIG. 9A. Here, stream integration engine305prioritizes streams 1-3 according to a rank of 1, 2, or 3 for each time period T1-T4. For each time period, the stream assigned to rank 1 is selected for broadcast by the spectator channel320.

Notably, in some embodiments, spectator integration engine305may also integrate the selected portions of the media streams into a highlight media stream, which can be broadcast by spectator channel320over the multi-user platform for subsequent viewing after the game session.

FIG. 10illustrates a graphical view1000of live game play for a game session, showing different viewing angles for corresponding media streams. In particular, graphical view1000shows views1005,1010,1015, and1020, where each view represents display content shown by a corresponding media stream.

FIG. 11illustrates a graphical view1100of the live game play shown inFIG. 10, showing display content for media stream 1. Here, media stream 1 is associated with player P3 and provides a third person perspective view of player P3. Graphical view1100also illustrates interactive elements that a user can manipulate during live game play. As shown, these interactive elements include a top menu1105that provides options to change games (“game 2”) and switch channels (“channels”). Graphical view1100also illustrates a voting interface1120and a viewership interface1125. Voting interface1120displays a current number of votes for media stream 1 and includes user-selectable elements (arrows) that can be selected by a user to vote up/down a media stream—here, media stream 1. Viewership interface1125displays a current number of users viewing media stream 1 as well as an arrow that indicates a recent trend in viewership for media stream 1. Here, the arrow points down indicating a downward trend because the current number of viewers recently decreased.

FIG. 12illustrates a graphical view1200of the live game play shown inFIG. 11, further showing channel options to set a spectator channel (“spectator broadcast”) to view media streams for a particular player—here, Player 3. As shown, the user selects “channels” from the top menu1105to display a sub-menu of options for viewing a spectator channel or a manually selected channel. Here, the user selects the spectator channel, which causes display of a further sub-menu of filter options. The filter options instruct stream integration engine305to prioritize the media streams for a specific player and designate one of these media streams as the spectator stream during live game play. As discussed above, more than one media streams can display content for the same player (e.g., different views, etc.). Here, the user selects a filter option corresponding to Player 3, which instructs stream integration engine305to select and designate one of the media streams associated with Player 3 as the spectator stream for a given time period. As discussed, stream integration engine305continuously updates current spectator values/spectator attributes for the media streams associated with Player 3, compares these spectator values, determines a priority ranking for each media stream associated with Player 3 (e.g., based on then-current respective spectator values), and designates one of the media streams as the broadcast stream. Stream integration engine305further compiles or integrates portions of the media streams (e.g., the portions corresponding to the time period the media stream is designated as the spectator stream) into a spectator channel and broadcasts the spectator channel during live game play. Here, graphical view1200shows a spectator channel that prioritizes rank and selection of the media streams associated with to Player 3.

FIG. 13illustrates a graphical view1300of the live game play shown inFIG. 11, further showing channel options to set the spectator channel to view trending media streams. As illustrated, the sub-menu for the spectator channel provides filter options to instruct stream integration engine305to prioritize and select media streams for broadcast based on a number of votes, a number of followers, trending (e.g., changes in votes, followers, points, or combinations thereof), and a number of points. The user selects the filter option corresponding to “trending”, which instructs stream integration engine305to select and broadcast a media stream based on changes to spectator attributes (or player attributes) for a recent time period. Notably, this trending filter option can reflect individual or combinations of changes in spectator/player values.

FIG. 14illustrates a graphical view1400of the live game play shown inFIG. 11, further display content for a different media stream—namely, stream 2. For graphical view1400, the current spectator channel set to “broadcast” and a player filter set to player 3. The display content shown by media stream 2 represents primary display content for player 4 (P4) and secondary display content for players 1 (P1), 2 (P2), and 3 (P3). In particular, media stream 2 displays a third person perspective view centered on player 4, and an offset third person perspective view of other players. As discussed above, primary and secondary labels and/or values are be used to delineate different views or viewing angles for an associated player(s), which may change during the course of live game play.

In operation, comparingFIG. 11andFIG. 14, stream integration engine305switched the designated broadcast stream from media stream 1 (FIG. 11) to media stream 2 on the spectator channel because of a game event highlighted by notification1405(view change to stream 2: “P4 is about to pass P3”). As discussed above, stream integration engine305continuously updates spectator/player values for corresponding values/attributes during live game play. As illustrated by the change in view fromFIG. 11to the view inFIG. 14, stream integration engine305updated the game event value/attribute. Here, the game event represents a change in proximity or nearness in virtual game space between player 4 and player 3 for a given time period. During live game play, the change in proximity for the given time period represents player 4 passing player 3. As player 4 approaches player 3, stream integration engine305updates and increases the game event value associated with media stream 2. This increase for the game event value changes the priority ranking of the corresponding media stream (stream 2) for the given time period such that stream integration engine305selects media stream 2 to broadcast over the spectator channel. Depending on subsequent actions by the players, stream integration engine305may decrease the game event value and subsequently select a different media stream to broadcast based on an updated priority ranking for the media streams. In addition, stream integration engine may provide notifications such as notification1405to inform users viewing the spectator broadcast channel about changes to the currently displayed stream. The notifications can be triggered and provided in advance of or subsequent to such changes.

Collectively,FIGS. 10-14show media content and perspective view of media streams, graphical interfaces, filter options, and other live game play information. These views are provided for purposes of illustration and discussion, not limitation. Further, while certain interfaces and graphical elements are displayed in a particular orientation and having a particular shape, these interfaces and graphical elements may be represented by any number of shapes, sizes, orientations, and the like, as is appreciated by those skilled in the art.

FIG. 15illustrates an example simplified procedure1500for integrating media streams of live game play in a game session into a spectator channel, particularly from the view of a multi-user system or platform. Procedure1500begins at step1505and continues to step1510, where, as described in greater detail above a multi-user system hosts an online game session that includes a plurality of media streams, and each media stream may show a particular view of live game play. Next, at step1515, the multi-user system assigns a spectator value to each media stream. As discussed above, the spectator value and/or spectator attribute may also include player values/attributes and generally represent a popularity or user interest in the respective media stream. The multi-user system further updates, at step1520, the spectator values for respective media streams based on user input(s) received during the game session. The multi-user system monitors, at step1525, respective spectator values for corresponding media streams during the game session to determine a priority ranking for each media stream. As discussed, the priority ranking can include weights and/or values assigned to the media streams which favor a greater popularity or interest in a media stream. Notably, the priority ranking is typically updated throughout the game session based on the live user inputs received to represent current interest in any given media stream.

Procedure1500continues to step1530, where the multi-user system further selects one of the media streams to broadcast for a time period of the game session based on its priority ranking and, at step1535, the multi-user system integrates each selected media stream into a spectator channel that is broadcast, at step1540, over the communication network. Procedure1500subsequently ends at step1540, but may continue on to step1510where the multi-user system hosts an online game session. Collectively, the steps in procedure1500describe techniques to improve a consumer's viewing experience for live online game play through a spectator channel that integrates and/or switches between views corresponding to multi-media streams based on live, dynamic user input or feedback received during game play.

It should be noted that certain steps within procedures1500may be optional, and further, the steps shown inFIG. 15are merely examples for illustration. Certain other steps may be included or excluded as desired. Further, while a particular order of the steps is shown and executed from the perspective of a particular device or system, this ordering is merely illustrative, and any suitable arrangement of the steps and/or any number of systems, platforms, or devices may be utilized without departing from the scope of the embodiments herein.

The techniques described herein, therefore, provide interactive and immersive viewing experiences that compiles and/or integrates media streams associated with live game play in a game session into a broadcast channel that tracks a currently “most-popular” view shown by a given media stream based on user feedback received during the game session. This popularity or user interest can include numerous factors or attributes and may also include changes in a time period to reflect trending aspects for media streams (e.g., sudden increases or decreases in viewership).

While there have been shown and described illustrative embodiments that monitor media streams for a game session and provide an integrated spectator broadcast channel comprising portions of currently popular media streams, it is to be understood that various other adaptations and modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of the embodiments herein. For example, the embodiments have been shown and described herein with relation to certain systems, platforms, devices, and modules (e.g., engines, etc.). However, the embodiments in their broader sense are not as limited, and may, in fact, any of these systems, platforms, devices and/or modules may be configured (or exclude) with similar or the same functionality.

The foregoing description has been directed to specific embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that other variations and modifications may be made to the described embodiments, with the attainment of some or all of their advantages. For instance, it is expressly contemplated that the components and/or elements described herein can be implemented as software being stored on a tangible (non-transitory) computer-readable medium, devices, and memories (e.g., disks/CDs/RAM/EEPROM/etc.) having program instructions executing on a computer, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. Further, methods describing the various functions and techniques described herein can be implemented using computer-executable instructions that are stored or otherwise available from computer readable media. Such instructions can comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause or otherwise configure a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Portions of computer resources used can be accessible over a network. The computer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, or source code. Examples of computer-readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and/or information created during methods according to described examples include magnetic or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices provided with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, and so on. In addition, devices implementing methods according to these disclosures can comprise hardware, firmware and/or software, and can take any of a variety of form factors. Typical examples of such form factors include laptops, smart phones, small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, and so on. Functionality described herein also can be embodied in peripherals or add-in cards. Such functionality can also be implemented on a circuit board among different chips or different processes executing in a single device, by way of further example. Instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are means for providing the functions described in these disclosures. Accordingly this description is to be taken only by way of example and not to otherwise limit the scope of the embodiments herein. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the embodiments herein.